Competitive english grammar
Competitive english grammar
Part of speech
(51) Gerund : Gerund verb की एक ऐसी form है, जो Verb में 'ing' (verb +ing) लगाने से बनती है और noun का कार्य करता है। Gerund को Verbal Noun भी कहा जाता है।
" Gerund is such a form of verb that ends in 'ing' and has the force of a noun and verb "
(52) Participle : Participle Verb का ऐसा रूप है , जिसमें verb के साथ - साथ Adjective के गुण पाए जाते हैं। Participle को Verbal Adjective भी कहा जाता है।
(53) Unattached or Dangling Participle : Participle वाक्यों Adjective का कार्य करते हैं। अतः Participle के साथ एक noun या Pronoun का related होना आवश्यक है। यदि Participle के साथ कोई Noun या pronoun related नहीं है तो वह Participle, Unattached or Dangling Participle है। जैसे :
(a) Being a cold morning, I didn't go to office.
(b) Being a rainy day, the school remained closed.
इन दोनों वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त Participle 'Being' Unattached Participle है, यहाँ Being के साथ Noun या pronoun लगाना आवश्यक है।
अतः इन वाक्यों को इस प्रकार लिखा जाना चाहिए।
(a) It,being a cold morning, I didn't go to office. Or The morning being cold, I didn't go to office.
(b) It,being a rainy day, the school remained closed. Or The day being rainy, the school remained closed.
(54) Inversion : Affirmative वाक्यों का structure समान्यता निम्न प्रकार के होते हैं।
Subject + Verb + ......
Verb का प्रयोग subject के बाद किया जाता है।
Interrogative वाक्यों में समान्यता verb का प्रयोग subject पूर्व निम्न प्रकार से होता है।
Verb +subject +......
Interrogative वाक्यों के अतिरिक्त बहुत से Adverb एवं Adverbial expression का प्रयोग जब clause के प्रारंभ में होता है तो verb, subject से पहले आती है। वाक्यों में verb का subject से पहले आना Inversion कहलाता है।
(55) Synonym : It is a word or expression which means the same as another word or expression.
The term ' industrial democracy ' is often used as a synonym for worker participation.
(56) Antonym : The Antonym of a word which means the opposite.
Day and Night are Antonym.
(57) Heteronym : It is a word that has same spelling as another word but with a different pronunciation and meaning. These words are sometimes also called homographs.
(58) Autogram : A self - referencing sentence is a sentence that describes itself. For example, " This sentence has five word. " An Autogram is a self- referencing sentence that describes its letter content.
(59) Contronym : The word Contronym ( also the synonym antagonym) is used to refer to words that by, some freak of language evolution, are their own Antonym. Both Contronym and antagonym are relatively recent neologisms ; however, there is no alternative term that is more established in the English language. As :
(a) fast - quick, unmoving (b) fix - restore, castrate
(60) Malapropisms : It is used of an incorrect word in place of a similarly sounding correct word . As :
(a) parents try to ' install ' these virtues in their children.
(b) She became ' affluent ' in French, Italian, Latin and Greek.
Next .......
Interrogative वाक्यों में समान्यता verb का प्रयोग subject पूर्व निम्न प्रकार से होता है।
Verb +subject +......
Interrogative वाक्यों के अतिरिक्त बहुत से Adverb एवं Adverbial expression का प्रयोग जब clause के प्रारंभ में होता है तो verb, subject से पहले आती है। वाक्यों में verb का subject से पहले आना Inversion कहलाता है।
(55) Synonym : It is a word or expression which means the same as another word or expression.
The term ' industrial democracy ' is often used as a synonym for worker participation.
(56) Antonym : The Antonym of a word which means the opposite.
Day and Night are Antonym.
(57) Heteronym : It is a word that has same spelling as another word but with a different pronunciation and meaning. These words are sometimes also called homographs.
(58) Autogram : A self - referencing sentence is a sentence that describes itself. For example, " This sentence has five word. " An Autogram is a self- referencing sentence that describes its letter content.
(59) Contronym : The word Contronym ( also the synonym antagonym) is used to refer to words that by, some freak of language evolution, are their own Antonym. Both Contronym and antagonym are relatively recent neologisms ; however, there is no alternative term that is more established in the English language. As :
(a) fast - quick, unmoving (b) fix - restore, castrate
(60) Malapropisms : It is used of an incorrect word in place of a similarly sounding correct word . As :
(a) parents try to ' install ' these virtues in their children.
(b) She became ' affluent ' in French, Italian, Latin and Greek.
Next .......
